transcendental phenomenology, identifying his own position as "a formal transcendentalism of appearing as such." In this paper I explore some of the tensions that emerge in Patočka's attempt to bring "cosmological" notions – of the "whole," the "infinite," "nature," and so on – within the orbit of phenomenology while still adhering to the critical principle of "demonstration" characteristic of transcendental phenomenology. Specifically, I examine Patočka's attempt to criticize Husserl's concept of "reflection" – the locus of Husserl's transcendental method – without abandoning its critical potential. This leads to an examination of his phenomenology of "appearing as such," and to the question of how the laws or structures of such appearing are to be grasped in a methodological way. Given that such laws and structures are not causal operations but structures of meaning, a tension emerges between the goal of an "asubjective" phenomenology and the very idea of normatively structured laws of meaning. This, finally, provides a context for assessing the extent to which Patočka's late theory of the three "movements of life" can provide a philosophically compelling transcendental account of our access to the "interval" of meaning that Patočka calls the "world."" /> "Idealities of nature" - Crowell Steven | sdvig press